Preparation before construction
Bulldozers are very important in the construction of rural roads and construction projects. In order to ensure that there are no faults during construction and maintain good performance, we need to carefully check the clutch, throttle, bulldozer, control handle, etc. before construction.
1. When the bulldozer goes up and down the slope, the slope shall not be greater than 300; when working on the horizontal slope, the slope shall not be greater than 100. When going downhill, it is advisable to use reverse descent, and it is strictly forbidden to slide in neutral. When necessary, the blade can be lowered for auxiliary braking.
2. When working on steep slopes and high ridges, there must be a special person to command, and it is strictly forbidden to exceed the edge of the slope. After the soil is delivered, it should be changed to reverse gear before lifting the shovel and reversing.
3. When working in a vertical trench, the depth of the trench shall not exceed 2cm for large bulldozers and 1.5cm for small bulldozers. The bulldozer blade shall not push the isolated rocks or large soil blocks on the slope wall that are higher than the fuselage.
4. When removing the bulldozer blade, the convenience of the next installation must be considered. When removing the blade, the assistant should cooperate closely with the driver, and wear canvas gloves when pulling the wire rope. It is strictly forbidden to put your eyes close to the rope hole to peek.
5. When multiple machines are working on the same working surface, the distance between the front and rear machines should not be less than 8m, and the distance between the left and right should be greater than 1.5m. When two or more bulldozers are bulldozing side by side, the distance between the blades of the two bulldozers should be 20~30cm. Bulldozers must move forward in a straight line at the same speed; when retreating, they should be separated to prevent collisions.
6. When using a bulldozer to cut down large trees or clear broken walls, the closing point should be increased to prevent the upper part from falling in the opposite direction.
Bulldozer driving skills
When operating a bulldozer, you must master a principle: bulldozing in the first gear; avoid unilateral load as much as possible, maintain a stable bulldozing force, and reduce the distance of empty vehicle driving to the minimum.
1. Slow speed and heavy load are more efficient than fast and light load. Try to keep a heavy load when the bulldozer is working. Although the driving speed is relatively slow, it can reduce the number of round trips and the mileage of empty vehicles. Overall, it saves both time and fuel consumption.
2. When encountering long-distance bulldozing operations, work in sections from front to back. Starting from the front end, each section of distance can be just filled with materials, so that after pushing a section, move back a section. This can reduce the distance that the bulldozer travels with a full load, and also reduce the distance that the bulldozer returns with an empty vehicle, improve work efficiency and reduce fuel consumption.
3. Try to avoid material rolling. Many people think that the rolling of materials in front of the bulldozer is very beautiful and is a manifestation of the strong power of the bulldozer. In fact, material rolling will increase the wear of the shovel, blade and knife corner, and will increase the fuel consumption of the bulldozer. The correct way is to continue to increase the load to the maximum amount after the shovel cuts in to improve work efficiency. When the load is full and the material is about to roll, lift the shovel slightly.
4. When bulldozing along the mountain, you must master the principle of “high outside and low inside”, that is, the side close to the cliff is higher, and the side close to the mountain is lower, to avoid accidents and dangers of the bulldozer. When pushing earth and stone down the cliff, the speed should be slow, pay attention to timely deceleration, and the bulldozer cannot be pushed out of the edge of the cliff.
5. When bulldozing in muddy and soft conditions, the bulldozer is easy to get stuck, so the amount of bulldozing per shovel should not be too large. Try to avoid stopping, shifting, turning and braking during driving. Use 2nd gear for bulldozing when necessary. If the track slips, you can appropriately lift the shovel to reduce the amount of bulldozing. If the bulldozer still cannot move forward, you can reverse the gear and retreat. Do not lift the shovel at this time to prevent the front of the bulldozer from being overloaded and leaning forward, causing the front of the track to sink and the rear to tilt up. Do not turn at this time to prevent one side of the track from being overloaded and aggravating the vehicle getting stuck. Once stuck, do not frequently increase the throttle to save yourself to prevent the bulldozer from getting deeper and deeper.
6. When pushing stones buried in the ground, push from high to low. Use a small throttle at the beginning, and then increase the throttle to push the stones away after the stones are loosened. If it is a pile of stones or slag on the ground, keep the shovel close to the ground when pushing, and the track should also try to touch the ground when driving. If you are cleaning slag in a tunnel or underground hole, you should first clear a road from the edge, and then push the slag out of the hole from the edge to the middle one by one.
7. If the bulldozer wants to wade through the river, it should choose a place with a turbulent water flow, and try not to cross the river in a place with slow water flow, because there is a lot of silt in the riverbed in such places, which is easy to get stuck. The depth of the river water cannot exceed the oil dipstick of the bulldozer crankcase. Use the first or second gear and high throttle to cross the river quickly, and try not to stop or reverse in the middle.
Bulldozer bulldozing method
1. Downhill bulldozing method
On a slope, the bulldozer cuts and piles the soil in the downhill direction, cutting the soil by the downward gravity of the machine, increasing the cutting depth and the amount of soil transported, which can increase productivity by 30%~40%, but the slope should not exceed 15° to avoid difficulty in climbing when retreating.
2. Pile concentration method
In the hard soil, the cutting depth is not large. The soil is first accumulated at one or several intermediate points, and then pushed to the unloading area in batches to keep the front of the shovel full. The stacking distance should not be greater than 30m, and the bulldozing height should be within 2m. This method can increase production efficiency by about 15%. It is suitable for long-distance transportation and hard soil, or long-distance segmented soil delivery.
3. Angle bulldozing method
The shovel is installed obliquely on the bracket or placed horizontally, and bulldozing is carried out at an inclined angle to the forward direction (60° for loose soil and 45° for solid soil). This method can reduce the number of times the machine travels back and forth and improve efficiency, but the bulldozer has a large resistance and requires a larger power bulldozer. It is suitable for bulldozing backfilling in trenches, when there is no room for reversing in the vertical direction, or for bulldozing at the foot of a slope or down a hillside.
